meeting

In the Navy, many young men chose to enlist as coal passers rather than serve in the deck crew because the pay was significantly higher - $22 per month for a newly-enlisted coal passer versus $16 for a newly-enlisted landsman. The extra pay was well-earned since the work of a coal passer was among the most difficult, dirty, and dangerous duties in the U.S. Navy. Frederick Wilson, a water tender in the U.S. Navy recorded the work of the coal passer as follows: "When on watch, his duties consist of getting out, or passing, coal to his firemen, and in some ships it is no snap to handle 40 or 45 buckets of coal, each weighing 145 or 150 pounds, in a temperature of perhaps 150 [degrees] to 175 [degrees]… & has to haul the ashes from the ash pans and load and send up buckets of ashes. He is put to work also at cleaning bilge strainers when they become clogged up with coal dirt and ashes. At times he has to put on the fires when a fireman plays out. He has to stow coal in the bunkers when they coal ship. Has to go in the boilers and knock off scale and scrape out mud, and scale and clean out bilges in port…scrub paintwork and paint, clean off pumps, polish bright work, and do any work he may be put at…goes in the back connections of the boilers and cleans out the soot and ashes from there and also in the smoke pipe…any old place that is hard to get at and dirty. It is hard and awfully dirty work and it is work that is never done. If he has any time off, he is at drill…” In addition, coal passers were the first line action against bunker fires, wherein they had to dig into the pile of coal, expose the burning embers, and either shovel the coal to the boiler furnaces or douse the fire with water, while living is a mass of super-heated air, with smoke and other noxious gases. Also, in action, a coal passer was in a bad position. Should the ship founder, his chances of escape were not good, and in many cases, if working close to the active boilers, a hit to the boilers and the tons of boiling water they held meant a horrible death. Lastly, a coal passer, living among the coal bunkers and the heat, could seldom ever get fully clean. On OLYMPIA, men exited the bunkers and boiler rooms by climbing ladders that led directly to the Firemans’ Washroom, where they would attempt to clean up so as not to carry their dirt and dust out on the clean decks." Presumably, the career of a coal passer in the merchant marine was similarly arduous.

Another Bain/LOC photo of coal passers: www.flickr.com/photos/library_of_congress/2163482898/in/p...

The church doesn't look RC so I'd imagine that New Church refers to some brand of non-conformism rather than to a physical building.

derangedlemur Ah, hadn't considered that at all.

I really like how they framed the church here between 2 buildings!

Street View The Church of Ss Peter & Paul was designed by Edward Pugin. The foundation stone was laid 15 Aug 1859. It seems to have been finished about 1861, although it wasn’t dedicated until 29 Jun 1866.

St Peter and St. Pauls church is much the same today tho the archway has gone. The road leads up to Paul St and shopping centre maps.google.co.uk/maps?q=st+patricks+st+cork&hl=en&am...

"As early as 1907, the YWCA's national board discussed the issue of racial segregation, and at the 1914 national meeting, the board proclaimed its readiness to meet the special needs of black women and girls. However, the board did not set a national policy, and each local branch operated as it saw fit." www.fundinguniverse.com/company-histories/YWCA-of-the-USA...