scarification

Hunting Spears: Hunting spears are usually made from Tecoma vine. These vines are not straight but in fact curly. To straighten them the maker dries out the moisture by heating the branch over a small fire while it is still green. While doing this he shapes it into the form that he wants. A wooden barb is attached to the spearhead by using kangaroo (sometimes emu) sinew. the opposite end is then tapered to fit onto a spear thrower. On completion, the spear is usually around 270 centimeters (9 feet) long. Spear Thrower/Woomera A spear-thrower is also commonly known as a Woomera or Miru. The spear-thrower is usually made from mulga wood and has a multi-function purpose. It is however primarily designed to launch a spear. The thrower grips the end covered with spinifex resin and places the end of the spear into the small peg on the end of the woomera. The spear can then be launched with substantial power at an enemy or prey. Inserted in the spinifex resin of the handle of many spear throwers is a very sharp piece of quartz rock. This is used for cutting, shaping, or sharpening. The spear-thrower was also used as a fire-making saw, as a receptacle of mixing ochre, in ceremonies, and also to deflect spears in battle. Source: mbantua.com.au/weapons/

Kanuri people from Dikwa, Dikwa is a town in the present day Borno State in Nigeria. I suggest the picture is a Nigeria picture.

The Girramay was an Australian Aboriginal tribe of northern Queensland. The Girramay people's traditional lands extended over some 1000mi2 south from Rockingham Bay to Cardwell. Northwards, their boundaries reached close to the upper Murray River and the Cardwell Range, and also took in inland areas of the Herbert River. The Girramay spoke the most southerly dialect of Dyirbal. The Girramay lived in a mixture of rainforest and open forest environments. Source: everything.explained.today/Girramay/

The Girramay People are now recognised native title holders of around 475 ha in north Queensland as a key part of a broad agreement package with the Queensland Government and the Cassowary Coast Regional Council (2009). nativetitle.org.au/find/pbc/4739 www.nntt.gov.au/News-and-Publications/latest-news/Pages/G...