1920s

National Library of Ireland on The Commons Thomas? Edward surely.

The photo must be before 1907 (?), when the houses were replaced by ...
"... The office of the wholesale section of the co-operative movement (Irish Agricultural Wholesale Society) was designed by W.M. Mitchell & Sons and constructed between 1907 and 1920...."
From - www.buildingsofireland.ie

O Mac Mea culpa. Monday morning! Edward, of course.

Read All About It !

via - en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lord_Edward_FitzGerald#Arrest_and_d...

How the arrest was reported in the Oxford Journal on 26th May 1798

Dundee Courier - Tuesday 30 September 1930 mentions a Mrs Villiers Stuart of Dromona (present at the Stirling County Ball).

Fun fact: Henry Villiers Stuart of Dromona was Lord Lieutenant of the County Waterford in 1832 (Saunders's News-Letter - Tuesday 31 January 1832)

Mr J. Villiers-Stuart took part in the opening meet of the West Waterford Hounds at Clashmore in 1948 (Waterford Standard - Saturday 13 November 1948) "With the exception of a shower, the day was fine and a big field enjoyed a good day’s sport."

Not just horses. At the 15th joint show and sale of bulls under the auspices of the Irish Dairy Shorthorn Breeders' Society, Co. Waterford and Co. Wexford branches,

the silver cup for the best pure-bred Aberdeen Angus bull was won by Mr. J. I. Villiers Stuart, Dromana, Cappoquin, for Qualitys Ever Reliable, a bull calved in March last

; (Waterford Standard - Saturday 25 March 1950)

www.irishtimes.com

NLI, I don't think this is suitable for public distribution . . . The way the world is today. Too many wannabe martyrs . . . I mean nitwits without any other purpose in life.

Taken from the link below:

"James O’Donovan was the primary ‘chemist/inventor’ of explosives for the IRA, and the person most responsible for developing and establishing Irish-centered explosive manufacturing. He was a post-graduate chemistry student at UCD and worked directly for Collins.

He began producing fulminate of mercury explosives in 1918 – a notoriously unstable compound. In 1919 Collins directed O’Donovan to develop an explosive that was more powerful, but that ‘men with no technical skill could produce it in a farmhouse kitchen… They have to be fairly foolproof because we can’t have people all over the country having their heads blown off!’

Irish War Flour was O’Donovan’s first original explosive, named after its appearance: it was a nitrated resin using the ingredients of resin, flour, acid and potassium chlorate. Irish War Flour was quite unstable and didn’t have the explosive power he wanted so he kept experimenting.

He called his second explosive compound Irish Cheddar, again named because of its looks. This was his nickname for a form of cheddite, an explosive used quite extensively in the early 20th century. Its ingredients were paraffin, potassium chlorate, nitrobenzene and castor oil."

www.irishcentral.com

Nicknames of the explosives ...

“Warflour”: Warflour was a nitrated resin, using the ingredients of resin, flour, acid and potassium chlorate.
“Irish Cheddar”: This was the nickname for a form of cheddite, an explosive used quite extensively in the early 20th century, its ingredients being potassium chlorate, nitrobenzene and castor oil. Some sources suggest that “Cheddar” included home made DNT.

Also "Paxo" a while later. See - www.standingwellback.com , which also has ...

The IRA also developed its own detonators at the time, and I won’t describe them here other than to say that interestingly they were non-metallic and quite an effective design.
In terms of IEDs, and further to my earlier post, the IRA of the time made several thousand grenades, mostly under the Dublin Bicycle shop at 198 Parnell St and latterly at other facilities. It appears that the design of these were copied from the German “Egg” grenade of WW1. These were essentially quite a simple design,small and preferred because they were easier to conceal than a larger grenade. They used the standard sort of fuze with a spring-loaded fly-off lever. Occasionally larger improvised grenades were used – this is a diagram of one of them, made by an IRA engineer involved in their manufacture.

CASSIDY PHOTOGRAPHY I really do take your point, Mr Cassidy, but I would suggest that people with harmful intentions and access to the internet can very quickly and easily find far more effective instructions, including step-by-step videos, than this sketch. It is a part of revolutionary Irish history, just like the gun carrier on a bicycle that we featured a while back, so we considered it worth including. Mary.

The bicycle shop Lawless and Heron was raided in December 1920 -
www.museum.ie

Read All About It ! via Trove - trove.nla.gov.au