deportation

He was one of the 249 persons deported to the Soviet Union in December 1919. "Feodor Kushnarev -This man is about twenty-one years of age. He formerly resided at 242 East Twelfth Street. He is a Hebrew and says he left Russia to study in the United States, but had never intended to make this country hie permanent home. He was an organizer for the union and was quite active in all its affairs. He is a strong advocate of free love." New-York tribune., December 23, 1919, Page 3, col. 2 chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn83030214/1919-12-23/ed-...

see also

More at a site with brief reportage on the Buford Deportees: "Kushnareo (or Kushnarev), Feodor; alias Dalney, Alexander Avrich, Anarchist Voices. 367: Worked on Khleb i Volia. Jewish. Organized branch of URW in New Haven with K.F. Gordienko. Became secretary of URW in NY. NY Tribune 23 Dec 1919: About twenty-one; resided at 242 E. 12th St.; Hebrew, left Russia for U.S. to study, organizer in Union of Russian Workers, “a strong advocate of free love”. Claghorn, The Immigrant’s Day in Court: (392) Jewish. Born in Kiev. Came to U.S. via England in 1914. Studied at NYC People’s House. Denied that he was an anarchist, claimed belief in organized government. Described URW as an organization for self-enlightenment. Had received education in Russia." editorsnotes.org/projects/emma/notes/96/

If you read the unvarnished history of the Russian Revolution you will find that many of the instigators had a similar background. The odd part about it is that the very same people were dealt with ruthlessly under the Communists. Useful Idiots indeed...

The White Australia Policy shows its teeth as these South Sea Islanders are subjected to a final humiliation. www.racismnoway.com.au/teaching-resources/factsheets/59.html

Fine shot of the amazing activist / writer. I wonder if this was when she was deported from the US during a purge on dissent. jwa.org/thisweek/dec/21/1919/emma-goldman

That's how another article on that site captions this: "Emma Goldman's deportation portrait, 1919. In post-World War I America, foreigners and their "foreign ideas" were increasingly untolerated. Following her release from prison in 1919, Goldman was immediately re-arrested on the order of J. Edgar Hoover, then director of intelligence for the U.S. Justice Department. Hoover persuaded the courts to deny Goldman's citizenship claims, thus making her liable to deportation under the 1918 Alien Act, which allowed for the expulsion of any alien found to be an anarchist. On December 21, 1919, Goldman and 248 other foreign-born radicals were deported to the Soviet Union. Courtesy of the Emma Goldman Papers, University of California, Berkeley." jwa.org/thisweek/sep/27/1919/emma-goldman-arrested

The mass deportation aboard the Buford on Dec. 21, 1919 was part of Attorney General Mitchell Palmer's efforts to stamp out "the Red menace." A lengthy account at query.nytimes.com/mem/archive-free/pdf?res=9F05E5D6123BEE... "249 REDS SAIL, EXILED TO SOVIET RUSSIA; BERKMAN THREATENS TO COME BACK; SECOND SHIPLOAD MAY LEAVE THIS WEEK; BUFORD LEAVES AT DAWN Heads Eastward With Cargo of Sedition Under Heavy Soldier Guard. THREE WOMEN IN PARTY Emma Goldman Shows Bravado --Glad to Go, She Says, Predicting Triumphant Return.SOME HAPPY, OTHERS CURSECarry Great Quantity of Baggage and Quarter MillionDollars in Cash. Buford Picked for Voyage. 250 Soldiers as Guard. Sing the "Internationale." Berkman Expects Warm Welcome. Am Coming Back," Says Emma. Bianki "Glad to Go." Threatens Vengeance on Flynn." This photo and the adjoining one of Peter Bianki were published in the January 3, 1920 Literary Digest. www.baruch.cuny.edu/library/alumni/online_exhibits/digita...

Art Siegel Yes. Sometimes Palmer Raids seem very current with today's xenophobic statements from the Trump White House and a lot of bad policy on issues like immigration.

The New-York tribune., December 22, 1919, Page 3 chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn83030214/1919-12-22/ed-... and the East Oregonian : E.O., December 31, 1919, DAILY EVENING EDITION, SECTION TWO, Page 11 chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn88086023/1919-12-31/ed-... printed a cropped version of this photo. Other Bain photographs of her: www.flickr.com/photos/library_of_congress/10609173265/ www.flickr.com/photos/library_of_congress/10609209006/